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第二，对于非由政府基金资助的作品，鼓励作者采用“创作共用”授权条款，通过与使用者签订使用许可协议的方式，许可公众在尊重作者人格权利的基础上为教学、科研和学术交流等非商业性目的而免费使用、传播其作品，尽可能扩大知识的传播途径和范围。图书馆应充分利用其在资金、技术、网络环境、文献编目和读者用户群等方面的综合优势，设立专门的开放存取数据库，并为作者和用户提供中介服务。
第三，积极呼吁和推动有关立法，改变现行科研文献条块分割、分散收藏的状况，确立国家科研图书馆特别是国家图书馆为开放存取文献储存馆的法律地位；在国家图书馆内设立国家科研文献专藏文库（数据库），依照出版物缴存法规，明确规定所有由政府财政资金资助的科研成果和论文应当向国家图书馆免费缴存经同行评议的最终出版文稿的电子文档，使国家图书馆成为国家科研文献的永久保存地和最终查询地，确保国家科学典籍的整体安全和永世利用。
12．结束语
自1709年英国议会制定了世界第一部版权法——《安娜法》（Statuteof Anne）以来，版权保护制度已经走过了近300年历史。但是，面对信息革命的兴起特别是网络技术、数字技术的快速发展和日臻成熟，现行的建立在传统印刷体出版物基础之上的版权保护制度已显得力不从心；其所具有的作品保护的时间性、地域性等特征正随着互联网络的出现和普及而受到挑战。作品通过网络低廉复制和全球性快速传播一方面为作者广泛传播自己的思想或者研究成果提供了一条捷径，另一方面也增大了作者和其他版权所有人控制自己作品及追究侵权人法律责任的难度。在此情况下，是将现行版权保护制度全部照搬到网络领域为作品设置更多更严格的保护措施，还是顺应网络发展的潮流，创设与其相适应的网络版权保护机制，为作品和知识的传播创造更为有利的条件，这是摆在立法者、图书馆、出版者、作者和公众面前一个现实而又需亟待解决的问题，而开放存取为我们解决这一难题提供了一个可行的替代解决方案。
【注释】
Budapest OpenAccess Initiative, at http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml,（查询于2005-07-02）
BethesdaPrinciples, at http://www.biomedcentral.com/openaccess/bethesda/, （查询于2005-07-02）
BerlinDeclaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html（查询于2005-07-02）
Public Access ofScience Act , H. R. 2613, 108th Cong. (2003) (to amend Title 17, United States codeand to exclude from copyright protection works resulting from scientificresearch substantially funded by the federal government)http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c108:H.R.2613:（查询于2005-07-02）
《1976年版权法》中译本见http://www.ipcnn.com/d434.htm (查询于2005-07-02)
Printing Act of1895, H. R. 2650, 53rd Cong. (1893-1895) (An Act providing for thepublic printing and binding and the distribution of public documents, approvedJanuary 12, 1895), Ch. 23, 52, 28 Stat. 601 (1895).
CopyrightAct of 1909, (ch. 320, 8, 35 Stat. 1075). (§8. Copyright not to subsist inworks in public domain, or published prior to July 1, 1909, and not alreadycopyrighted, or Government publications; publication by Government ofcopyrighted material. No copyright shall subsist …in any publication of theUnited States Government, or any reprint, in whole or in part, thereof. http://www.kasunic.com/1909_act.htm#a8(查询于2005-07-02)
The House Reporton the Copyright Act of 1976, H. R. Rep. No. 94-1476, at 59 (1976) http://ipmall.info/hosted_resources/lipa/copyrights/The%20House%20Report%20on%20the%20Copyright%20Act%20of%201976%201.pdf(查询于2005-07-02)
568 F. Supp. 416 (M.D. Tenn. 1983); 762 F. 2d 1011; 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 14535.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
Section 16, Science and Technology, 767-795. U.S. Census Bureau,Statistical Abstract of the united States: 2001-2005.http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/01statab/science.pdf(查询于2005-07-10)
同图一
同图一
Statistics: Funding Support – 2004. Bibliographic ServicesDivision, U.S. National Library of Medicine. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/funding_support_2004.html(查询于2005-07-10)
Mark J. McCabe，AssistantProfessor of Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology，The Impact of Publisher Mergers on Journal Prices: APreliminary Report，ARL Newsl., Oct. 1998, at http://www.arl.org/newsltr/200/mccabe.html(查询于2005-07-11)
Thomas M. Susman, David J. Carter, & the Information AccessAlliance, Publisher Mergers: A Consumer-Based Approach to Antitrust Analysis,June 2003, at http://www.informationaccess.org/WhitePaperV2Final.pdf(查询于2005-07-11)
Policy Perspectives, Co-sponsored by the Association of ResearchLibraries, the Association of American Universities, and the Pew HigherEducation Roundtable, To Publish and Perish, Special Issue March 1998, Volume 7,Number4. at http://www.arl.org/scomm/pew/pewrept.html(查询于2005-07-11)
Jean-Claude Guedon, In Oldenburg’s Long Shadow: Librarians,Research Scientists, Publishers, and the Control of Scientific Publishing,Creating the Digital Future: Proceedings of the 138th Annual Meetingof the Association of Research Libraries (May 23-25, 2001), at http://www.arl.org/arl/proceedings/138/guedon.html(查询于2005-07-12)
Mike Sosteric, At the Speed of Thought: Pursuing Non-CommercialAlternatives to Scholarly Communication, ARL Newsl, Oct. 1998, at http://www.arl.org/newsltr/200/sosteric.html#1(查询于2005-07-13)
What Obstacles Limit Access, Association of Research Libraries,Issues in Scholarly Communication: Open Access, http://www.arl.org/scomm/open_access/framing.html#obstacles(查询于2005-07-13)
Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Pub. L. 105-304, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2860, at http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=105_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ304.105.pdf (查询于2005-07-13)
Sec. 1201. Circumvention of Copyright Protection System
Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, Pub. L. 105-298, title I, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2827, at http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=105_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ298.105.pdf(查询于2005-07-13)
Uniform Computer Information TransactionsAct (last revisions or amendments completed year 2002), Official Site, TheNational Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws Drafts of Uniformand Model Acts, at http://www.law.upenn.edu/bll/ulc/ucita/2002final.htm.1996年美国开始修订统一商法典(Uniform Commercial Code, UCC)第二编，增订UCC2B编，以规范“信息”或“提供信息服务”的授权。UCC2B后更名为《统一计算机信息交易法》，成为UCC的一部份。该法于1999年7月29日在美国统一州法国家委员会（The National Conference of Commissioners onUniform State Law, NCCUSL）与美国法律研究会（American Law Institute, ALI）第108届年会中通过。
中译本见互联法网, http://www.hlfw.com/index.asp?xAction=xReadNews&NewsID=155 (查询于2005-07-15)
Association of Research Library, Issues in Scholarly Communication:Open Access, at http://www.arl.org/scomm/open_access/(查询于2005-07-15)
The National Institutes of Health, NIH Almanac, at http://www.nih.gov/about/almanac/(查询于2005-07-16)
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